Joint painThe fingers are an indispensable sign of any joint pathology in which the structural components of these joints are damaged.First of all, the pain in the area of these joints can be associated with various autoimmune diseases (Systemic red lust, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, etc.) in which immune factors cause damage to their joint tissues.
The next main reason that can startPainIn the joints of the fingers, there may be injuries (Bruises, dislocations, bone fractures, ligaments).Pain in these joints can also be caused by degenerative changes that occur in their joint tissues.This can often be observed with osteoarthritis.
Anatomy of the joints of the hand
All the joints of the hand are customary to be divided into the following groups:
- arrived on the wrist;
- wrist joints;
- Carpal joints;
- interpendia joints;
- Article-Falanges joints;
- Interfalanx joints.
The articulation of the wrist
The articulation of the wrist is made up of the bones of the proximal bones (superior) a number of wrists (Trihedral bones, seeds -moon, hull) and distal areas of radiation and elbow bones.The elbow bone is not directly connected to the bones of the wrist, but with the help of distal (Inferior) the joint disc.This structure separates the cavity of the crash of the wrist from the distal cavity (Inferior) The articulation of the tiles.
Wrist joints
The articles of the wrist are represented by three types of joints.The first form includes those joints found between the bones of the upper part (Hull, seeds -moon, trhedale, pea -shaped) or the lower line (in the shape of a hook, with the head, trapezoidal, bone trap).These joints are called internal joints.For the second type, the half -navy joint is classified so called.This articulation has a form in shape of S and is formed due to the connection of the bones of the upper and lower row of the wrist.The third type includes the articulation of the pea bone.Through this articulation, the trhedric bone is connected to the pea bone.
Clouds of Capacen-Senale
The joints of the carpal panel connect the bones of the wrists and metacarpal bones.These joints are formed by the contact of the proximal ends (reasons) The metacarpal bones and the distal sections of carpal bones belonging to the second row.The carpal joints include two main joints.The first is the pollical carpal articulation.It is formed by the connection of the first metacarpal bone with bone trapping.
The second articulation is the common articulation of carpal routes for the rest of the carpal-prtypyna compounds between the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth metacarpal and the trapezoidal, the head bones and, in part, a section of bone trapping.The pollice carpal joint is separated from the total carpal joint.Due to which more active movements are possible, compared to the rest of the carpal paths (which are included in the general carpal joint) which are considered sedentary.The joints of the carpal panel are strengthened by strong joint capsules, as well as ligaments (Hand and palm ligaments).
Interpretative joints
The lateral surfaces of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal, if you contact each other, form intercepted joints.These joints have separate joint capsules, which are approaching the articular carpal capsules, are connected with them.In addition to the capsules, these joints have a ligamentous apparatus represented by the Inter -Signario metacarpal ligaments, as well as by the rear ligaments and palms.Interpener joints are attributed to the sedentary articulations of the hand, since the joint surfaces of the bones that form these joints have a flat shape.
Parleen-Falange joints
The parleus-falan joints are composed between distal (inferior) with the ends of the metacarpal and proximal bones (superior) areas of the first phalanges of the fingers of the hand.Each finger of the upper limb has its own metacarponal articulation.Therefore, there are five joints of metacarpal phalanration on each hand.
Interfalanx joints
The interpophalax joints are formed by the combination of close phalanges of each of the fingers.Big (First) The finger has only one interfaced joint, since this finger has only two phalanx (proximal and distal).The rest of the fingers of each of the hands has two joints of interfaces.
The first of them is located between the first (proximal) and the second (average) Finger and calls for proximal phalanges (superior) Interfalang articulation.The second form the connection between the average (second) and the last (distal) Falangi of the fingers.The second interfaces joints are called distal interfaces joints.The Inter -falanx joints are strengthened with collateral ligaments and palmar.These joints belong to the block joints, whose movements are possible only around the frontal surface (Fight and bend).
Which structures can inflame themselves in the joints of the hands?
Inflammation is a typical pathological process characteristic of those tissues and organs that have been damaged for any reason.It is worth remembering that, in most cases, every disease (For example, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.) or trauma that damage the joints of the hands to one degree or another, affect not only the joint, but also the perioster (nerves, muscles, tendons, subcutaneous fat, skin) structures.
The following joint structures can inflame themselves in the joints of the hands:
- joint cartilage;
- Bone tissue of squeezing;
- joint capsule;
- Joint ligaments.
The causes of pain in the joints of the hand and fingers
The main share between the reasons that cause pain to the joints of the hand and fingers is occupied by mechanical injuries (Fractures, dislocations, bruises, etc.) and systemic autoimmune diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, etc.).In addition to these causes, pain in the articulations of the hands can cause diseases associated with metabolic disorders (For example, gout, osteoarthritis).
There are the following main causes that cause pain to the joints of the hand and fingers:
- bruises of the hand and fingers;
- Fracture of the brush bones;
- brush disputes;
- injury of the ligaments of the hand;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- Kinbek disease;
- Reactive arthritis;
- gout;
- psoriatic arthritis;
- Sinovite;
- osteoarthritis;
- Red lupus system.
Brush and fingers bruise
A bruise is one of the types of closed lesions, in which there is damage to soft tissues (muscles, tendons, nerves, skin) And there are no injuries in the place where the main action of the traumatic factor was directed.The bruises of soft tissues of the hand and fingers are very rarely found in isolation (separately) from the bruises of the joints of the hand and fingers.Therefore, with this type of injury, mixed symptoms are found, indicating both the damage to the joints of the hand and the injury of the periarticular (Peri -human) fabrics.The bruises of the brush and fingers are usually found when it falls on the hand, damaging it with a blunt object, with its compression or pinching.
Quite often, the bruises of the cystic area lead to damage to the main trunks of the median, radial, elbow nerves (which innervates the area of the hand and fingers), which immediately manifests itself from the loss of the sensitivity of the skin and in some cases also the disappearance of the motor functions of the fingers.
The inflammatory edema of joint and per -human structures develops following the expansion of numerous vessels which are the flow of blood.This edema is one of the reactions of inflammation, which occurs in response to damage to tissues during bruises.
A fracture of the brush bones
Quite often, the cause of pain in the articulations of the hand may be various fractures of its bones, since these bones are recorded directly in the formation of joint surfaces.Depending on the anatomical position of the damaged bone, all fractures are divided into three main groups.The first group includes fractures of the wrist bones.The second includes tubular metacarpal bones fractures.The third group includes fractures of bones of the falanges of the fingers.
The most frequent places of damage in the carpal area of the brush are seeds -moon bones and scaphoids.A fracture of these bones occurs during the falls on the brush and is accompanied by pain in the area of the joints of the wrist and medium wrist.Pain syndrome can also be observed in places of anatomical location of these bones.
The most frequent fracture of the ends of the metacarpal bones is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone (What is attached to the phalanges of the thumb bones).With this lesion, the edema and the pain appear in the area of the base of the first metatarsal bone, as well as in that part of the carpal articulation, which directly adjacent to it.The thumb with such a fracture is abbreviated, bent and brought to the palm of the hand.His movements are limited.
The brush's phalanx fractures are accompanied by deformation, a decrease in the length of the fingers, the loss of their function, the acute pain and the swelling in their inter -falanx joints and peri -human fabrics.With fractures of falanges of the fingers with a shift of bone fragments, palpation (on palpation) You can identify their swelling on the palm surface of the brush and on the back, on the contrary, a hole or an isolation.These fragments are generally mobile, close to them you can often detect subcutaneous bleeding (Hematomas).
Dislocation of the brush
Dislocation is a pathological condition in which the areas of the bones that form any articulation go beyond its anatomical boundaries, which, therefore, manifest themselves from a complete or partial loss of the function of this articulation.In addition to the joint functionality compromised during disputes, serious pains are found in the articulation concerned, swelling and local temperature temperature.During the dislocations of the brush, the appearance of the swelling is explained not only by the presence of inflammation in the damaged Peri -humans, as well as by the structures of the joint, but also with a protrusion of the emanated bone joint.
The most frequent types of brush dishes
| The name of the dislocation | The dislocation mechanism | Which joint is surprised? |
| Real dislocation of the brush | The joint surfaces of the wrist bones are moved to the joint surface of the radial bone towards the palm or in the back of the hand. |
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| Perilunar dislocation | The bones of the wrist and the rest of the brush are moved compared to the noon and radial bone in the back of the brush. |
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| Bone dislocation | At the same time, the dump bone shows the dislocation on the side of the radiation in parallel (In the same plane) to the close bones of the wrist.Sometimes it can move to the palm side, that is, to move on to the palm of the bone trap, less often on the same side of the trapezoidal bone. |
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| Semi -Moon dislocation | There is a slide of the half -moon in the direction of the palm, so that the space in the place of this bone remains not occupied.It is gradually occupied by the head bone, penetrating here from the second row of the bones of the wrist.This dislocation is a complication of the car -regulation of the perilunar dislocation. |
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| Dislocation of the first metacarpal bone | The joint surface of the base of the first metacarpal bone is moved to the joint surface of the bone trap on the radiation side, on (proximal) and on the same plane with the bones of the wrist.Therefore, the thumb is pulled back and towards the articulation of the wrist. |
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| Dislocation of the falanges of the fingers | There are dislocations of the fingers in the metacarpophalangeal joints and in the interfinal joints.To the first, the joint surface of the proximal phalanx of the fingers (Together with the entire finger) move compared to the joint surface of the metacarpal bones.With the second, there is a movement between the bones of the falanges of the finger itself.Usually there are dislocations of the back and palm of the phalanges of the fingers. |
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Damage to the ligaments of the hand
The injury of the ligaments together with the bruises of the brush is attributed to closed traumatic damage.This pathology is mainly found with an excessive extension of the hand, fingers in any direction.The main types of lesions of the brush deck are their elongation and breakage.With stretching in the damage area, a slight ri -tension and a partial breakage of the connective tissue fibers are observed.With the rupture of the ligaments, the entire ligament is divided into two infinite ends.
The following main types of ruptures of the brush ligaments are distinguished:
- breaking of the radial collateral ligament of the wrist;
- breakdown of the collateral ligament of the elbow of the wrist;
- breakage of interception ligaments;
- rupture of the lateral ligaments of the metacarpal farament joints;
- Breakage of the lateral ligaments of the interfalang joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the human immune system damages body tissues.In other words, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune pathology.This disease is also systemic, since many tissues are affected (muscles, joints, vases, etc.) and organs (Heart, kidneys, lungs, etc.) in the body.
Despite the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease to a greater extent, the joints suffer, while the injury of other tissues and organs is in the background.With this disease, almost all types of brushes can be influenced (Drawings from wrist, carpal dangers, metacarpal-falan joints, inter-falan).The lesion is generally symmetrical (those.The same joints are interested) on both hands, accompanied by swelling, pain in damaged joints.In the morning, during the lifting from the bed, there is a little rigidity in the affected joints, which can last about 1 hour and then disappear without trace.
Quite often with rheumatic arthritis near the affected joints of the brush (More often the articop-falan joints, interfaces) Rheumatoid nodules appear.They are a rounded formation located under the skin.On the brush, these formations arise more often on the back.On palpation, they are dense, inactive, painless.The number of them can vary.
Kinbek disease
Kinbek's disease is a pathology in which a carpal bone of the semi -moon brush is influenced.The disease develops due to a long -term physical overload of the palms of the hands.It usually occurs in specialists of construction professions: patches, bricklayers, carpenters, etc.Excessive physical activity of the palms of the palms more often than this bone, since it occupies the central location in the articulation of the wrist.Very often, during Kinbek's illness, the brush of one hand is influenced and, as a rule, the main one (The right hand is damaged, the hand on the left is damaged).
Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis is a pathology of immunopathological genesis, in which its immune system attacks various body joints, which is why autoimmune inflammation develops in them.Unlike other autoimmune diseases (For example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, in the occurrence of which one assumes an infectious origin) In the reactive arthritis, a clear relationship is traced between the infection (and, in particular, intestinal or urogenital) and the development of joint lesions.
In addition, with this pathology, the lymph nodes can increase and appear fever.When reactive arthritis turns into a chronic form, over time, patients may indicate signs of renal disease, heart and muscle atrophy, bursitis may occur (((Inflammation of periosemantal bags), Tentovaginites (Inflammation of the tendon vagina) and others.
Gout
Gotta is a disease based on the development of the accumulation of uric acid in the body and its deposition in the form of salts in the joints.Urallic acid is the final product of the metabolic bases of purines and pirrimidine.Serve as a basis for the construction of DNA and RNA molecules, some energy formations (Adenosine Trifosphate, Monophosphate adenosine, etc.) and vitamins.
Gotta pain occurs mainly in the small joints of the lower and superior ends.In addition, in 50% of all clinical cases, the disease begins with the first articulation more than the legs.From the point of view, normally, the interfalancing joints of the fingers are interested, less often - radiant joints.Gotta usually damages one or more joints on a limb, sometimes the joints of other arts are involved in the inflammatory process.
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a pathology in which various joints are inflamed against the background of psoriasis.The development of psoriasis is based on a violation of the interaction between immune cells and skin cells following which in the body (and especially in the skin) There are autoimmune reactions that cause inflammation.
Sinovite
Sinovite is an inflammation of the synovial shell of the joints, accompanied by damage to its tissues and the accumulation of pathological liquid in the affected joints.Sinovite is not a separate disease, but serves as a complication of other diseases.It can occur with endocrine, allergic, infectious, autoimmune, brushes, etc. pathologies.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a disease in which there is a violation of the training processes of the normal cartilage tissue in various joints.These processes are violated under the influence of some external and internal predisposing factors.They can be constant joint injuries, prolonged physical activity (At work, in everyday life, during sport), inheritance, other joint diseases, etc.
The joints of the fingers are sore with this pathology, because in the periarticular (Peri -human) The tissues occur inflammation, the nerves are affected.A characteristic feature of osteoarthritis is the connection of pain with physical activity.The pain in the joints appears mainly on and/or after a heavy physical overload and disappears at rest or after rest.
Red Lupus system
A systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune pathology, in which in the human body there is a production of an immune system of autoimmune antibodies, attacking various cells and tissue structures.In particular, with it, the production of anti -core antibodies so called that damages cell nuclei and DNA and RNA molecules are observed.With a red lupus, various fabrics and organs are affected: skin, vases, heart, pleura, pericardium, kidneys, joints, etc.
System The red lupus is constantly associated with other extra -distorted signs: weakness, weight loss, fever (Improve body temperature).However, the special symptoms are of maximum importance, without which the diagnosis of red lupus is not made.These special signs are photodermite (Inflammation of the skin under the influence of sunlight), disappointment discoid (The appearance on the skin of the neck, chest of red popes), Lupoid butterfly (The appearance of red spots on the skin near the nose), erosion in the oral cavity, renal damage (Glomerulonefrite), Serositi (Inflammation of serous membranes) and others.
Diagnosis of the causes of pain pain
The hands of pain in the articulations of the hand are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of pain, mainly an A-Breeding traumatologist and doctor.To diagnose these reasons, these doctors mainly use clinical (Collection of anamnesis, external inspection, palpation, etc.), radial (X -ray, computerized tomography) and laboratory (General blood test, biochemical blood test, etc.) Research methods.
Depending on the cause of pain in the joints of the hand, all diagnostics can be divided into the following sections:
- Diagnosis of traumatic lesions of the brush (Leave, dislocations, fractures, ligaments);
- Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis;
- Diagnosis of Kinbek's disease;
- Reactive arthritis diagnosis;
- Gotta diagnostics;
- Diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis;
- Diagnosis of synovite;
- Diagnosis of osteoarthritis;
- Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Diagnosis of traumatic lesions by brush
When the brush injuries, you should consult a traumatologist.The main diagnosis methods used in medical practice to identify traumatic damage to the brush (Fractures, dislocations, ligaments, bruises), they are an external exam, anamnesis, radiation research methods (X -ray, computerized tomography).
The collection of anamnestic data allows the doctor to identify accidents that have brought or could lead to an injury to the brush.The history of the Amanese is also used to clarify the symptoms that disturb the patient.During an external examination on the brush, swelling, hematomas, deformation, limitation of joint mobility can be detected.With the help of palpation, the doctor reveals the presence of pain, the violation of the anatomical form of the articulation, the damage to the ligaments.Radiation research methods (X -ray, computerized tomography) Allow you to confirm the diagnosis, since during their use, the mechanical damage to the anatomical formations of the brush is clearly visible.
Treatment of pathologies that cause inflammation of the joints of the hand
For the treatment of the causes of pain in the joints of the hand and fingers, first of all, they prescribe a variety of drugs (Anti -inflammatory, painkillers, anti -revetas drugs, etc.).In some cases, they combine the use of these products with physiotherapy procedures.The traumatic damage to the brush is often treated surgically or applied to the higher limb concerned of the chalk bandage.
To relieve pain and relieve inflammation, the first help could be the use of an external fan.The drug selectively blocks the CO-2 and acts directly on the source of pain.It is quickly absorbed thanks to a special consistency, it leaves no traces of clothes, has a pleasant smell.
Depending on the pathology that causes inflammation in the joints of the hand, all treatment can be divided into the following parts:
- Treatment of the traumatic lesions of the brush (Leave, dislocations, fractures, ligaments);
- treatment of rheumatoid arthritis;
- treatment of Kinbek's disease;
- Treatment of reactive arthritis;
- Gotta treatment;
- Treatment of psoriatic arthritis;
- Sinovite treatment;
- Treatment of osteoarthritis;
- Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.